Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract inhibits angiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma (a549) cells

Background and Aim: Ocimum sanctum (OS) is a herbal plant, which is easy to find and is widely used as an alternative medication. The previous studies have shown that several species of OS extract have therapeutic properties, and in some cases, antitumor properties. Furthermore, several data have shown the antiproliferative effects of OS extract in cases of breast cancer, human fibrosarcoma, and oral cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma is a major cause of male cancer worldwide; however, the effect of OS (of Indonesian origin) on the metastasis of human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the antiangiogenic effects of OS ethanolic extract in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: An angiogenesis assay was performed by seeding A549 cells on extracellular matrix solution and observing tube formation using an inverted microscope. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for alpha v beta 3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 was performed by analyzing the cell lysate after a given treatment. Results: OS ethanolic extract significantly inhibited tube formation of A549 cells and suppressed the expression of integrin alpha v beta 3, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that OS ethanolic extract disrupts angiogenesis of A549 cells, which may result from the disruption of cell migration and proliferation as a consequence of downregulation of alpha v beta 3, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Taken together, OS ethanolic extract may represent a good therapeutic candidate for the treatment of metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies are warranted to further establish the efficacy of OS in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.