The comprehensive review of essential role of microalgae in organic pollutants mechanisms of phycoremediation

Waste management is a significant problem affecting both developed and developing countries. In addition, the presence of organic pollutants in waste poses a substantial threat to environmental quality and public health. To address this issue, bioremediation using microalgae (phycoremediation) such as Chlorella vulgaris, Botryococcus braunii, Desmodesmus sp., and Chlamydomonas sp., is considered an environmentally friendly and uncomplicated solution. The biomass produced by microalgae can also be used as a source of biodiesel, lipid, biofertilizer, and biohydrogen. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of phycoremediation in addressing organic pollutants, which include biosorption, consumption, and biodegradation. The results showed that phycoremediation was more effective than non-biological methods, but it has not been fully optimized. This showed that further research should focus on the optimization of phycoremediation and its integration with biorefinery to maintain environmental quality from organic pollutants and produce biomass as feedstock in biorefinery activities