Dentists Distribution and Dental Service Utilization in Indonesia's National Health Insurance Program

The characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelagic country create disparities between regions and impact the distribution of dentists and access to health services. This study aims to see the relationship between the availability of dentists and specialist dentists and the utilization of dental services in primary care and hospitals. This study used analytical research with cross-sectional design. Secondary data sources from JKN dental services in 2022. The number of samples was 16,320 dentists and 3,154 specialist dentists. Data analysis used Stata and spearman correlation analysis. The largest distribution of dentists and dental specialists is in the Java-Bali region, which is the region with the highest population density and a relatively higher economic level compared to other regions, namely 56.3 of the total dentists and 71.7 of dental specialists who are JKN providers. There is a strong positive relationship between the number of dentists in Primary Health Care Facilities (PHCF) and the ratio of dental service visits and the relationship between the number of dental specialists in hospitals and the number of dental service referrals. Geographic and region disparities have a significant impact on the distribution of dentists and dental specialists and in equality the utilization of dental services.