The Determinant of Smoking Cessation Behavior among Low Dependence Smokers: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Smoking is widely recognized as a prominent contributor to both illness and mortality worldwide. Extensive chronic diseases are identified as the primary factors contributing to mortality among smokers. The prevalence of smoking in Indonesia is reported to be 28.96, with a specific focus on the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where the prevalence of smoking stands at 24.54. This study aimed to ascertain the trade-offs that individuals with low dependence on nicotine make to facilitate smoking cessation. The research employed an observational design, using a cross sectional approach derived from a survey utilizing the Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). The research methodology is known as the DCE utilizes a specialized questionnaire that incorporates attribute, level, and choice sets. The respondents included in this study were smokers and exhibited low levels of nicotine dependency, as determined by their responses on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was employed in the data analysis to ascertain the factors, including socio-demography, smoking history, and level-attributes, that impact the trade-off. The findings from the binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the majority of respondents had an impact on marital status (0=0.005), education (p=0.000), occupation (p=0.009), and smoking location (p=0.000). Most respondents selected a choice set in which cigarettes were priced between IDR 25,000-30,000. Concerning the impact of warning labels and community support, they are apprehensive about the risk of developing cancer as a smoking-related side effect. Furthermore, they prefer assistance with the use of medication compared to counseling as an effort to aid in smoking cessation efforts. The findings of this research indicate that respondents have a preference for smoking cessation aids that are simpler to use and provide quicker assistance. © © 2025 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP).