Rapid growth of low-risk condyloma acuminata in an HIV-positive pregnant woman

Giant condyloma of Buschke Lowenstein (GCBL) is a rare benign verrucous tumor, especially in women. It is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11, with a preference for the anogenital area. Immunosuppressive conditions such as pregnancy and HIV infection can accelerate GCBL development due to hormonal changes and immune responses. A 28-week-pregnant HIV-positive woman (CD4 + count 235 cells/μl) who had not started antiretroviral therapy presented with a rapidly growing verrucous mass (20 cm 7 cm 2 cm) in the vaginal area extending to the anus, growing in 4 months. Diagnosis of GCBL was confirmed with HPV type 6. HPV, including low-risk types like 6 and 11, infects epithelial cells. Estrogen accelerates HPV gene expression in pregnant women, while HIV suppresses CD8 + T-cell activity and induces changes in the immune response. Increased regulatory T-cells (Treg) impair immune function, contributing to GCBL development. Pregnancy and HIV conditions can influence HPV infection progression to GCBL. a 2025 Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS.