Biogas diffusion among small scale farmers in Indonesia: An application of duration analysis

Research on biogas technology adoption lacks information of the diffusion process in which included the acceleration of the adoption. In this paper, a duration analysis model is employed to model the speed of biogas technology adoption among small mixed crop and livestock farmers in Indonesia. A duration approach can model the adoption in a timely process to determine the biogas technology diffusion. Findings from this study indicate that there is an overall slow rate of biogas diffusion among farmers. There are however several ways to support the diffusion. It is revealed that 1)longer education, 2)higher farm income, 3)women involvement in the diffusion process and 4)access to financial support significantly accelerate the diffusion process. Farmer's perception of the relative advantages of biogas technology and their experience from testing the biogas technology also support the uptake of technology at the farm level. In addition, a technology dissemination strategy of stakeholders, especially local government is essential since the different regional regulations and policies have an important role to accelerate the diffusion process. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd