Spatio-temporal Analysis of Hemeroby Index in Tuntang Watershed, Indonesia

The Tuntang watershed is one of the watersheds located in Central Java, a province in Indonesia with a massive level of economic and demographic development. From an ecological perspective, this can threaten the ecology of a landscape. Massive economic and social developments trigger changes in land use. Thus, the existing land will be intervened by human activities. The spatio-temporal analysis of the hemeroby index was used to analyze human land intervention in the Tuntang watershed. The data used in the spatio-temporal analysis are Land Use Land Cover data from remote sensing, Landsat imagery in 1990 and 2020. Based on the analysis of the Hemeroby index, changes in human intervention are increasing over time (1990-2020). These results indicate that the higher the hemeroby index, the wider and higher the level of disturbed land in the Tuntang watershed. Monitoring of land interventions is needed in order to create an ecosystem balance. © 2025 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.