Landscape archaeology as a key concept of cultural resources management in Indonesia

Archaeological practice adheres to the principle that the cultural resources associated with human activity in the past, including those in Indonesia, constitute the collective heritage of humanity. The concept of cultural heritage is, in fact, inextricably linked to the concept of national identity. The remains may be classified according to several different categories. These comprise a variety of categories, including objects, buildings, structures, sites, and cultural heritage areas. Consequently, the proper management of these resources is of great importance to ensure their preservation for future generations. An interdisciplinary approach is required for the strategic management of cultural resources, in which the valuable contributions of relevant academic disciplines need to be drawn upon. This paper puts forward a conceptual idea derived from a review of the literature relating to the theory and concepts relevant to landscape archaeology. It can be very effective to combine VOSviewer with the PICOT method (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) to perform gap analysis. The theoretical and conceptual framework presented here was inspired by the discipline of geography, particularly landscape ecology, and will be contrasted with existing concepts. This paper proposes fresh conceptual approaches to managing cultural resources. These approaches represent a significant departure from the conventional conceptual framework that has previously informed this field. The issue of cultural resource management in Indonesia has remained constant for some time, with an emphasis on material cultural legacy and a lack of understanding of other factors in its immediate proximity. The fundamental purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual notion based on landscape archaeology, drawing on the interconnectedness of theory and concept with landscape ecology, to provide the best answer for cultural resource management in Indonesia. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.