Evaluation of Arabica coffee pulp extract on sperm quality and hematology in cyclophosphamide-treated rats

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. Its administration is associated with detrimental effects on sperm quality and hematological indices. Coffee pulp Arabica (Coffea arabica L) is a coffee by-product with considerable antioxidant potential. This research investigated the effects of Arabica coffee pulp extract (CPE) against CYP on sperm quality and hematological indices. A total of 20 rats were used with five treatment groups: Control: plain water; CYP: 150 mg/kgbw CYP; T1: CYP + 250 mg/kgbw CPE; T2: CYP + 1000 mg/kgbw CPE; and T3: CYP + 1750 mg/kgbw CPE. CYP at 150 mg/kgbw was administered on day 1, CPE was given once daily for 16 days. The parameters evaluated include the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, blood profile, sperm count, motility, viability, abnormality, and seminiferous tubule histology. CPE on day 16 suppressed MDA levels compared with the CYP group. On day 8, testosterone decreased in the T2 and T3 compared with the normal and CYP groups. CPE groups showed higher testosterone on day 16 compared with the CYP group. The T1 showed the highest blood indices levels compared with the CYP, T2, and T3 on both days 8 and 16. Except for day 16, the T3 group showed the highest PLT count. The administration of CPE increased sperm quality and seminiferous tubule structure compared with the CYP group. This study demonstrates T1 showed more favorable effects on hematological indices. T2 provides the most effective protection for sperm quality and seminiferous tubule histology. © 2026 The Korean Society of Environmental Health and Toxicology/Korea Society for Environmental Analysis.