Toxicity of Muntingia calabura Extract on Rasbora lateristriata as Base for Biomedical Phytochemicals Screening

Muntingia calabura is widely used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds, yet its potential toxic effects remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the embryotoxicity of M. calabura extract using the Indonesian endemic fish Rasbora lateristriata as a model. The use of R. lateristriata not only reflects regional biodiversity but also provides a complementary alternative to zebrafish for future biomedical and toxicological applications. The experiment followed OECD Guideline No. 236 (Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test), with embryos exposed to 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 ppm extract concentrations for 96 hours. Observations at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours included assessments of morphology, survival, heart rate, and hatching. The extract induced morphological abnormalities and significantly reduced embryo viability, indicating potential toxic effects during early development. ©2026 Author (s).