Development of Beyond-Compliance Behaviour Questionnaire: How to Address Unexpected Results

Beyond compliance behaviour is individuals behavior which compliant in implementing policies and do extra effort to ensure policies can be appropriately implemented. This research was conducted to develop the Beyond-Compliance Behaviour Questionnaire because measurement tools are needed to complement previous studies. This study consists of several stages; starting with developing questions from the literature review and operationalisation results then second study was a piloting of the questionnaire that took a minimum of 40 respondents in each trial stage using convenience sampling and voluntary filling. The piloting stage was conducted at procurement policy institutions in Indonesia, and after the validity and reliability analysis, the second study was carried out. The second study was distributed through the social media of the public procurement community. The respondents obtained in this study were 58 at the piloting stage and 75 at the second stage. Construct validity and reliability analyses were carried out using SEM PLS (Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square) and item reliability and scale validity using the Rasch Model. The results showed an improved questionnaire related to construct validity value of all dimensions. Average variance extracted (AVE) value of more than 0.5 shows convergent validity and heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) below 0.90 show divergent validity. Composite reliability (CR) value of a new instrument is 0.95 which shows good internal consistency. The Cronbach Alpha of the improvement questionnaire's item is 0.96 with separation at about 4.93 show that the instrument could be applied to other samples with a high level of steadiness. The evaluation of 6-point likert scale indicate observed average and andrich thresholds increase monotonically from category 1 to 6, show the scale validity. © 2025, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab Quaid-eAzam Campus. All rights reserved.