Rifai, Isnan Nur and Baidillah, Marlin Ramadhan and Wicaksono, Ridwan and Akita, Shinsuke and Takei, Masahiro (2023) Sodium concentration imaging in dermis layer by square-wave open electrical impedance tomography (SW-oEIT) with spatial voltage thresholding (SVT). Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express, 9 (4). ISSN 20571976
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In this study, sodium concentration in the dermis layer is imaged by the square wave open electrical impedance tomography (SW-oEIT) with spatial voltage thresholding (SVT). The SW-oEIT with SVT consists of three steps which are (1) voltage measurement, (2) spatial voltage thresholding, and (3) sodium concentration imaging. In the 1st step, the root mean square voltage v ̃ is calculated based on the measured voltage v under the square wave current I through the planar electrodes on the skin domain Ω. In the 2nd step, the m-th measured voltage v is converted to a compensated voltage v * based on the voltage electrodes distance d v and threshold distance d Γ in order to highlight the region of interest of the dermis layer Ω d . In the 3rd step, sodium concentration is imaged by the Gauss-Newton reconstruction method. The SW-oEIT with SVT was applied to multi-layer skin simulation and ex-vivo experiments under various dermis sodium concentrations c in the range of 5-50 mM. As an image evaluation result, the spatial mean conductivity distribution σ * in Ω d is successfully determined as increasing c on both simulations and experiments. The relationship between 〈 σ * 〉 and c was evaluated by the determination coefficient R 2 and the normalized sensitivity 〈 S 〉 . The optimized d Γ with the highest evaluation values of R 2 = 0.84 and 〈 S 〉 = 0.83 is under the condition of d Γ = 2 mm. Based on the signal evaluation, the SW-oEIT with SVT has a 15.32 higher correlation coefficient CC compared to the conventional oEIT based on sinewave injection. © 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | Cited by: 7; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Dermis; Electric Impedance; Sodium; Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Electric impedance; Electric impedance measurement; Electric impedance tomography; Electrodes; Image segmentation; sodium; Electrical impe dance tomography (EIT); Measured voltages; Open electrical impedance tomography; Planar electrode; Root Mean Square; Sodium concentration imaging; Spatial voltage thresholding; Square wave excitation; Square-wave; Thresholding; accuracy; animal tissue; Article; computer assisted impedance tomography; computer simulation; conductance; controlled study; dermis; electric potential; epidermis; ex vivo study; image artifact; image reconstruction; measurement accuracy; noise; nonhuman; pig; spatial voltage thresholding; stratum corneum; dermis; diagnostic imaging; impedance; procedures; tomography; x-ray computed tomography; Sodium |
Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
Divisions: | Vocational School |
Depositing User: | Sri JUNANDI |
Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2024 12:51 |
Last Modified: | 03 Nov 2024 12:51 |
URI: | https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/10561 |