Effect of cobalt impregnation methods on Parangtritis sand towards catalysts activity in hydrocracking of degummed low-quality Ujung Kulon Malapari oil into biohydrocarbons

This research was done to study the effect of wet and dry impregnation method of Co metal on Parangtritis Beach sand (BS) towards the catalytic activity in hydrocracking of Ujung Kulon low-quality malapari oil (MO) into biohydrocarbons. The impregnation of Cobalt metal on BS was carried out using CoCl2 center dot 6H2O to produce Co/BSA (dry impregnation) and Co/BSB (wet impregnation) catalysts. The catalyst activity test was conducted in hydrocracking of Degummed Low-Quality Ujung Kulon Malapari Oil (DMO) using a stainless-steel double-decks reactor semi-batch system with H2 gas flow of 10 mL min-1 from 300 to 550 degrees C. The dry impregnation method (Co/BSA) produced the best catalyst with the highest middle-acid strength of 0.31 mmol g-1. This catalyst produced 53.94 wt% of total liquid product that contained 1.31 wt% oxygenated compounds and 52.63 wt% biohydrocarbon that consisted of gasoline and diesel oil fractions of 23.10 and 29.53 wt%. After three hydrocracking runs, Co/BSA produced 36.15 wt% liquid product that contained 2.27 wt% oxygenated compounds and 33.88 wt% biohydrocarbon which consisted of gasoline and diesel oil of 20.87 and 13.01 wt%.