Impact of hygiene and sanitation in ruminant slaughterhouses on the bacterial contamination of meat in Central Java Province, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Ruminant slaughterhouse is one of the food-producing units to meet the protein demand of the people
in Central Java. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of sanitation and hygiene in ruminant slaughterhouses in Central Java based on their veterinary control number (NKV) certification and the microbiological quality of the meat produced.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from September 2021 to December 2021. Thirty-three priority
slaughterhouses, representing 33 districts/cities in Central Java Province, were assessed for their hygiene and sanitation
practices according to the NKV criteria mandated by The Minister of Agriculture Regulation No.11/2020 on NKV Certification for Animal Production Unit. Sixty-six meat samples from these slaughterhouses were obtained for microbiological analysis. The total plate count (TPC), counts of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the presence of Salmonella spp. were determined. The microbiological tests followed the standard national testing procedure according to the Indonesian National Standard 2897:2008 on Method of Analysis for Microbiological Contaminants in Meat, Eggs, Milk, and its derived products.

Results: The sanitation hygiene assessment of the 33 slaughterhouses showed that seven (21.2%) met the NKV criteria
level 3, while the others did not. The average TPC of the meat samples was 1.57 × 105 CFU/g (4.93 log10), the S. aureus
count was 7.6 CFU/g, and the E. coli count was 9.2 most probable number/g. Only one sample (1.50%) tested positive for
Salmonella spp. A comprehensive assessment comparing the NKV criteria with the level of meat contamination showed that
the ruminant slaughterhouses that satisfied the NKV criteria had more meat samples (85.71%), on average, that complied
with the Indonesian National Standard for microbial contamination compared with those that did not satisfy the NKV
criteria (69.23%). The odds ratio was 2.67.

Conclusion: Most of the priority ruminant slaughterhouses in Central Java did not meet the NKV standards. The research
only looks at the level of hygiene sanitation according to NKV standards in slaughterhouses, the level of contamination
produced does not reflect the level of the consumer; therefore, the level of contamination should continue to be investigated
at the post-production stage.