Vegetation-based approached for tsunami risk reduction: Insights and challenges

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of utilizing coastal vegetation as a mitigation strategy against tsunamis. It begins with an introduction to the historical impact of tsunamis on coastal vegetation and explores various types of trees known for their tsunami defense characteristics. The paper examines how vegetation can effectively protect against tsunamis based on past events, supported by both experimental and numerical studies. It also delves into innovative concepts proposed by researchers, including hybrid defense systems and optimized plantation layouts, to enhance the protective capabilities of coastal vegetation. Case studies from Aceh and South Java illustrate practical applications of reforestation efforts aimed at tsunami mitigation. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and limitations associated with implementing coastal vegetation strategies, emphasizing crucial factors such as maintenance and long-term sustainability.