Analysis of energy usage in mosques in urban area with tropical climate: Case study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The Mosque is a prayer place for Muslims, which has daily usage. For urban communities in Indonesia, mosques play an important role in social life. The Muslims carry out various kinds of activities in mosques besides praying. With its various activities, the mosque also has unique energy use characteristics when compared to other types of buildings such as houses, offices, and commercials. This paper presents an analysis of energy use in mosques in urban areas with tropical climate. Data was collected through a survey of mosques during 2018 to 2019 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results show that the use of energy in mosques in urban areas in Yogyakarta on average consumes 182.2 kWh per day. The highest use is for air conditioning by 29.16. Overall, the mosque energy consumption intensity varies from 0.16 to 4.54 kWh per square meter monthly and all of them meets criteria as very efficient buildings. In the other side, only 6 out of 15 mosques meet the national standard for lighting. In the term of green building standard, there are 9 out of 15 mosques meet the criteria in energy consumption aspect. This paper concludes that energy consumption in mosques in urban area with tropical climate is dominated by the air conditioning purposes.