Titania-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode for the sensitive voltammetric determination of BPA in exposed bottled water

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based TiO2-nanorods modified carbon paste electrode (CPE/TiO2 NRs)
for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water was successfully studied. The synthesized TiO2 NRs
and the modified sensor were fabricated by simple methods and characterized by Transmission Electron Mi-
croscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction
(XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The electrocatalytic activity of the modified sensor was studied
by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in a 0.01 M [Fe(CN)6]3 /4- in
0.1 M NaCl. The composition of TiO2 NRs, pH of BPA solution, and scan rate have been investigated. The linear
range of detection for BPA using the CPE/TiO2 NRs was found to be between 6 × 10 4 M and 10 2 M with a limit
of detection of 0.08 μM. The modified sensor was successfully applied for the determination of BPA in a real
sample bottled drinking water with excellent stability, repeatability, and good agreement results compared to
other methods.