Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) oil: Optimization, formulation, and characterization

The purpose of this study was to formulate a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) from black soldier fly oil (BSFO) as a possible antibiotic substitute in chicken. Using Design Expert Ver.13.0.1.0, an I-optimal combination was created by altering the concentrations of the oil components BSFO, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) (v/v), and Tween 80. This mixture was then used to analyze the optimal formula. The parameters for optimization were chosen to be the emulsification time and transmittance percentage. Droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), viscosity, thermodynamic stability, and morphology were used to characterize the ideal formula. The formulation of the SNEDDS from BSFO using 11.426 of BSFO, 73.364 of Tween 80, and 11.177 of PEG 400 was successful. Results displayed a high transmittance percentage, a brief emulsification time, a small droplet size, with a PDI of 0.36 ± 0.0, ZP -19.4 mV, the SNEDDS viscosity was at 387.33 ± 22.81 mP.s, and the nanoemulsion viscosity was at 10.47 ± 0.42 mPa.s, fit the assay for thermodynamic stress, and showed signs of having a sphere-like form. This study suggested that the formulation improved the solubility, absorption, and antibacterial agent a possible antibiotic substitute in the production of chicken. © 2024 Ratih-Dewanti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). All Rights Reserved.