Investigating the Biodiversity of Clathria sp. Sponge Symbionts from Derawan Island, Indonesia: An Exploration of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Enzyme-Producing Bacteria

Sponges from the Clathria genus, especially those from Derawan Island, Indonesia, are renowned repositories of microbial symbionts enriched with potent bioactive compounds. Our study delved into these sponges, extracting and examining their bacterial symbionts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enzymatic activities. Using dilution and streak methods, 23 distinct bacterial types were isolated and identified based on cellular morphology. Among these, the SC-06 isolate demonstrated significant antibacterial capabilities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Further, isolates SC-01, SC-03, SC-11, SC-13, and SC-15 exhibited powerful antioxidant properties, neutralizing over 50% of radicals. Additionally, strains SC-08, SC-02, SC-05, and SC-22 displayed remarkable enzymatic activities, suggesting their potential industrial applications. The Clathria sp. sponges from Derawan offer a promising biotechnological frontier, with their bacterial symbionts poised to redefine marine biotech innovations.