Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Euglena gracilis through Mono and Multi-Light Spectrum Modification

Euglena gracilis is a photosynthetic Euglenophyte capable of carbon dioxide fixation and lipid synthesis, offering a sustainable approach to renewable energy production. This study investigates the effects of mono-and multi-light spectra on the growth and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production of E. gracilis. The cultures were subjected to various light spectra, including red, blue, purple, red-blue, and white (control), to analyze their impact on growth rates, lipid accumulation, and FAME profiles. Growth metrics, including cell density, biomass, specific growth rate, and doubling time, were recorded, and FAME analysis was performed using GC-FID. Results indicated that purple light significantly enhanced growth, achieving the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (31.7), while red-blue light yielded the highest lipid concentration (0.680 ± 0.028 g L⁻¹). In contrast, blue light promoted the production of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), with a composition of 74.62. This study contributes to expanding the FAME profile database and highlights the potential of E. gracilis in Indonesia as a biodiesel source, particularly in the context of ecological modifications such as light spectrum optimization. The findings underline the organism's viability as a sustainable biofuel source, supporting efforts toward renewable energy development. © 2025 Author (s).