Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indonesian metastatic bone disease of unknown origin algorithm (INA-MBD): time to diagnosis and cost to diagnosis: Quasi-experimental study

Background: Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease (MBD) often present with complaints of pain and multiple osteolytic lesions findings. Remarkably, 30 of these cases exhibit an undetected primary lesion. Hence, categorizing them as MBD of unknown origin. The diagnostic processes of patients with MBD of unknown origin typically takes up to four months, rendering it as a catastrophic disease with the second-highest financial burden. Given its urgency, it is necessary to develop a evidence-based consensus for managing cases of MBD with an unknown origin. Purpose: This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of treating patients with MBD of unknown origin through the application of the INA-MBD algorithm. Research method: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design was conducted with a total of 128 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were consecutively enrolled and categorized into two groups: the intervention group with the INA-MBD algorithm and the non-intervention group without the INA-MBD algorithm. The primary outcomes were the cost and time to diagnose MBD of unknown origin. The proposed measuring tool was the INA-MBD algorithm. Furthermore, for the cost-to-diagnosis variable, an extra measurement tool was used, which were summaries of the patient�s medical bill including hospital stays and medical procedures. The analysis of data related to the time-to-diagnosis variable was conducted using the Log Rank regression test, and cost-to-diagnosis variable was carried out using co-variance test. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.