Typology of Indonesian Stratovolcanoes: Insights from Geomorphological and Geological Aspects

Suhendro, Indranova and Haryono, Eko (2023) Typology of Indonesian Stratovolcanoes: Insights from Geomorphological and Geological Aspects. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 55 (2). 275 – 288. ISSN 00249521

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Abstract

Stratovolcano is the most dominant volcano type in Indonesia; however, our understanding of the correlation between geomorphological and geological aspects on stratovolcano is still lacking. To reduce such a gap, we provide the first general typology of Indonesian stratovolcano (number of analyses=154). Several parameters were evaluated, including average radius (r), average slope (S), surface roughness (RMS), bulkrock compositions, mineralogy, and deposit characteristics. Four types were identified: (1) small-least dissected cones, (2) broad-dissected cones, (3) extremely broad-dissected cones with caldera, and (4) residual-highly dissected cones. Type I is typically small (r=2.1 km), steep (S=19.80°), rough (RMS=88.8), dominated by basic to intermediate rocks, having abundant mafic minerals with minor hydrous minerals, and primarily consisting of lava flows and scoria. Type II has moderate values of r, S, and RMS(8.8 km, 15.2°, and 47.7, respectively), predominantly intermediate in composition, poor in mafic minerals and rich in hydrous minerals, and having abundant pumice and lava domes. Type III is typically large (r=18.1 km), gently-sloped (S=9.2°), smooth (RMS=40.1), rich in felsic rocks and felsic minerals, and includes thick ignimbrite deposits. Type IV has moderate size (r=8.2 km), is gently-sloped (S=10.7°), rough (RMS=56.8), and rich in ultrabasic rocks and mafic minerals with common exposure of intrusions. We conclude that the evolution from type I to III corresponds to the maturation stage, whereas the formation of type IV represents the erosional stage. Moreover, rainfall precipitation degree (Pr) also controls stratovolcano morphology, where higher Pr decreases S and RMS values, and increase r value.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Library Dosen
Uncontrolled Keywords: geomorphology; Indonesia; stratovolcano; typology; volcano evolution
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GB Physical geography
G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences
Depositing User: Purwani Istiana ISTIANA
Date Deposited: 10 Jul 2024 03:39
Last Modified: 10 Jul 2024 03:39
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/2314

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