Histopathological effects of ethanolic extract of Gaharu's (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) leaves on liver and kidney of mice (Mus musculus L.) infected by plasmodium berghei

Malaria caused by Plasmodium is one of common infectious diseases in tropical country that cause severe problems every year. Several efforts have been developed to eradicate this disease, especially related with new drugs discovery. One of traditional drugs from Gaharus leaves has been widely known to cure malaria. However, there is no clinical study yet. This study was examining histopathological effects of Gaharus leaves extract on liver and kidney of mice. Twleve Swiss mice were divided into 4 treatments,those were without DHP (Dihydroarteromisinin-piperaquine ; with DHP; ethanolic extract of G aves at the concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. Plasmodium infection was done by applying "4days test"or Peter's Suppressive Test method. The mice were sacrificed using overdose ketamine prior to liver and kidney samples collection for histopathological procedure. The samples were fixed with neutral buffered formalin, proceed using paraffin method, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Histopathological scoring was done using ordinal method and post examination masking. leaves extract treatment exhibit higher histopathological effects in liver and kidney compared to DHP treatment. The histopathological effects that can be detected include cellular damages, hemorrhage, congestion, and inflammation. These results suggested that Gaharus leaves extract could not overcome histopathological effect of Plasmodium in liver and kidney compare to DHP. Thus, we concluded that ethanolic extract of Gaharus leaves is less effective to be developed as antimalaria compared to DHP. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.