Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Kulim Bark (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) Hydrogel on Polymicrobial Biofilms

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of hydrogels from Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) stem bark extract and fraction against polymicrobial biofilms. Methods: The stem bark extract and fraction of Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) were formulated into a hydrogel (tween 80:glycerin). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were assessed using a microdilution test against polymicrobial growth and polymicrobial biofilms, while acute toxicity was evaluated using wader pari (Rasbora lateristriata) embryos. Results: Kulim extract hydrogel (4 μg/μL) showed 69.16 antibacterial activity and 61.25 biofilm inhibition, with 72.58 and 82.86 biofilm degradation at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The fraction-based hydrogel (0.22 μg/μL) had 58.10 antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity, with 81.14 and 79.64 degradation at 24 and 48 hours. MIC<inf>50</inf> and MBIC<inf>50</inf> values were 2.42 μg/μL (extract) and 0.15 μg/μL (fraction) as well as 2.83 μg/μL and 0.19 μg/μL, respectively. Based on observation, MBEC<inf>50</inf> values were 1.09 μg/μL and 0.57 μg/μL (24 h), as well as 0.70 μg/μL and 0.03 μg/μL (48 h), respectively, while the extract�s LC<inf>50</inf> was 0.143 mg/mL. Conclusion: The hydrogel made from Kulim stem bark extract exhibited stronger antibacterial and antibiofilm activities than the ethyl acetate fraction against polymicrobial. © © Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.