Self-efficacy, Self-management, and Their Impact on Hypertensive Patients Outcomes: A Study from Primary Health Centers in Indonesia

Self-management requiring self-efficacy support is considered a cost-effective treatment in hypertensive patients who are influenced by a complex interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study explored the factors related to self-efficacy, self-management and their impact on blood pressure and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypertensive patients in primary health centers. A cross-sectional study from ten primary health centers in South Sumatra province, with 407 participants, used a questionnaire and medical records. The data were analysed descriptively, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate logistic regression using the backward method. Factors correlated to self-efficacy include disease knowledge (OR = 5.538, P=0.000), social support (OR=4.330, P=0,000), disease courses (OR=2.807, P=0.000) and unemployed/retired (OR=2.174, P=0.002), while the factor correlated to self-management are disease knowledge (OR=2.223, P=0.002), unemployed/retired (OR=1.712, P=0.037), self-efficacy (OR=1.631, P=0.046), age (OR=1.594, P=0.023), and social support (OR=1.461, P=0.099). Self-management correlates with blood pressure (OR=5.045, P=0.000) and HRQoL (OR=0.541, P=0.005). Blood pressure is correlated with HRQoL (OR=1.703, R=0.027). Hypertensive patients with higher disease knowledge, higher social support, longer disease courses, and unemployed/retired were significantly more likely to have good self-efficacy. The higher disease knowledge, unemployed/retired, good self-efficacy, older age, and higher social support are more likely to have better self-management. Disease knowledge is most correlated with self-efficacy and self-management. Self-management has a positive effect on blood pressure and HRQoL. Controlled blood pressure is known to have a positive HRQoL. This study provides an overview of how the government and health care professionals recognise strong predictors and implement effective self-management interventions in hypertensive patients. Keyword: hypertension, self-efficacy, self-management, health-related quality of life, blood pressures. © © 2025 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP).