Identifikasi Komponen Ekstrak Sirih (Piper betle Linn.) dari Beberapa Pelarut dan Pemanfaatannya untuk Pengawetan Ikan

The inhibition ability of betle leaf extract against the growth of spoilage bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on fish has been studied.
The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze compounds of betle leaf extracted by ethanol, diethyl ether, hexane, using GC-MS, (2) to determine antibacterial activity of four kinds betle leaf extract, (3) and to use betle extracts for fish preservation.
The betle leaf extracts consisted of several compounds as analysed by GC-MS. The major components were 4- allyl-1,2- diacetoxy benzene and benzoic acid derivats such as 2,4-dimethyl, benzoic acid and 3,5-dimethyl, benzoic acid. The other components were derivats of phenol and terpen.
In the antibacteria activity test, betle leaf extracted with etanol showed the highest antibacteria activity, followed by diethyl eter, hexane, and aquadest extracts. Concentration below 0,1%, didn't inhibit P. fluorescens growth. The inhibition of betle leaf extract againts P. fluorescens in nutrien broth (NB) with initial population of 10⁶ CFU/ml was effective at 0,2%.
Fish soaked with betle leaf extract (2%) solution for 30 minutes and during cold storage had lower aerobic plate count and pseudomonads number as compared to control. The number of pseudomonads decreased approximately 1 log cycle after soaking in leaf extract solution for 30 minutes (8,9. 10⁴ cfu/g to 6,0. 10³ cfu/g), and total bacteria from 4,0.10⁵ to 2,34.10⁴ cfu/g. In the second day, the number of total bacteria of fish without soaking in extract solution reached 10⁷ cfu/g, but fish soaked in extract solution for 30 minutes reached total bacteria count of 10⁷ cfu/g after 5 days. The results indicated that betle leaf extract had the ability to extend the shelf-life of fish in cold storage