Mapping the impact of maternal anxiety on birth outcomes in developing countries: a scoping review

Purpose This scoping review aims to systematically explore and compile existing studies on the influence of maternal anxiety within low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings aiming to contribute to the development of improved psychological support interventions for pregnant women. Design/methodology/approach This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, utilizing a systematic search across PubMed, ScienceDirect and ProQuest databases. Relevant studies were identified using keywords and MeSH terms pertinent to the review objectives. Data extraction involved two reviewers, and data synthesis included analysis and summarization of the study findings. Findings This review determined that the most frequently identified consequences of maternal anxiety on birth outcomes were reduced birth weight and an increased likelihood of premature delivery. Mental health interventions in prenatal care are needed to prevent adverse effects on infants in resource-limited settings. Originality/value This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence and extends research findings to LMICs, providing an initial map of the relationship and evidence gaps between maternal anxiety and birth outcomes. Notably, there is a gap in the number of studies on this topic in LMICs.