The Structure and Culture of Forced Child Labor: What Are the Opportunities for Improving Children’s Well-being in Indonesia?

Forced child labor in Indonesia remains a pressing concern, with many children compelled to perform tasks that exceed their physical and developmental capacities, often in conditions that endanger their health and safety. The academic significance of this study lies in its examination of the structural and cultural factors underpinning child labor, offering essential insights for the formulation of effective policies and intervention strategies. Its practical importance is underscored by the potential to
inform protective measures for vulnerable children and to enhance their overall well-being. This paper seeks to (1) map the prevalence of child involvement in forced labor across multiple sectors in Indonesia; (2) provide a comprehensive overview of the scope and scale of the problem; and (3) analyze the conditions that lead to children’s participation in forced labor while assessing its impact on their well-being. A qualitative approach was employed to collect, organize, and interpret data, allowing
for the identification of recurring patterns and themes. The analysis reveals a complex interplay of structural inequalities and cultural ideologies that sustain child labor practices. Findings indicate that children are employed in hazardous sectors under conditions that fail to meet safety standards. They are routinely exposed to extreme weather, handle sharp tools without adequate protection, and work long hours, often at the expense of their education. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted nature of forced child labor in Indonesia. It underscores the urgent need for decisive action to protect
children trapped in exploitative labor and calls for a multidimensional approach to its eradication. Moreover, the findings highlight concrete opportunities for improving children’s well-being through community-based empowerment, expanded access to education, and strengthened social protection initiatives.