Navigating Diversity of the Smart City Initiatives in Indonesia

This article explores the diversity and dynamics of smart city initiatives in Indonesia by analyzing the various strategies implemented. This article aims to show how the diversity of smart city initiatives and how smart city strategies respond to global challenges. This article is the result of a systematic literature review. The review’s findings suggest that smart city initiatives in Indonesia focus on digital transformation, strengthening regional readiness, the participation and needs of local communities, especially in facing complex and dynamic urban challenges. By implementing smart city strategies, Indonesia has the potential to develop inclusive smart cities. ©2025 Faculty of Geography UGM and The Indonesian Geographers Association. ©2025 by the authors and Indonesian Journal of Geography.