Characterization of Wood Extractives and Antioxidant Activity in Acacia Hybrid (Acacia mangium Acacia auriculiformis) Grown in Wonogiri, Indonesia

This study aimed to evaluate extractive composition and antioxidant activity of Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) variety, namely Purwo Sri Ah015D wood, as a first step in future development to improve resistance to diseases. Wood powder from axial (bottom, middle, top) and radial (near pith and near bark) positions were successively extracted by n-hexane, methanol, and hot water solvents. The dried extracts (except n-hexane) were used for the analysis of total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), flavanols (TVC), polysaccharides (TSP), and IC50 (methanol extract). The results showed that the content of n-hexane, methanol, and hot water extract were 0.36% to 0.73%, 0.94% to 1.63%, and 0.58% to 0.82%, respectively. Furthermore, the contents of n-hexane and TPC were significantly influenced by the interaction of axial and radial positions. Meanwhile, TFC, TVC, TSP, and IC50 were significantly affected by the difference in axial. The methanol extract exhibits significant potential for pharmaceutical applications and against heart rot disease in plantations, as evidenced by its bioactive properties, including high TPC (180.1 to 402.9 mg GAE/g dried extract), TFC (24.2 mg QE/g dried extract), and low IC50 values (255.8 µg/mL). Additionally, the low proportion of heartwood and extractive content, particularly lipophilic extractives, suggests that Acacia hybrid Purwo Sri Ah015D is a promising candidate for pulp and paper production. Further research is needed to identify the specific compounds responsible for the natural durability of Acacia hybrid wood. © 2025 The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology.