A comprehensive review on the utilization of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) as dietary meals in aquaculture

The escalating demand for sustainable aquaculture practices aligns with the growing global need for protein-rich and eco-friendly feed alternatives. This review explores the potential of housefly larvae (HFL), Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), as an innovative and sustainable replacement for traditional fish meal in aquaculture. Beyond nutritional benefits, incorporating HFL into aquafeeds enhances fish growth, immune responses, digestive health, hematobiochemical health, and antioxidant capacities, as well as improves fillet quality, while mitigating environmental impacts associated with conventional feed sources. HFL rearing presents a circular economy solution, transforming organic waste into valuable protein sources and contributing to ecological sustainability. The review also examines the challenges associated with HFL-based feeds, including nutrient variability due to substrate differences, regulatory constraints, and consumer acceptance barriers. To fully realize HFL’s potential, future research should focus on optimizing rearing methods, improving processing efficiency, and ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards. This sustainable approach could transform aquaculture, supporting global food security while maintaining environmental balance. © The Author(s) 2025.