Factors associated with mortality in intracranial infection patients admitted to pediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study

Background: Intracranial infection is a major cause of emergency and death in children. To assist clinical decision-making in patient management, we conducted a study about factors associated with mortality. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with mortality in pediatric patients with intracranial infection. Methods: We performed a cohort retrospective study in our tertiary hospital to evaluate the outcomes of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from 2014 to 2018. The Chi-square test was performed to determine the significance of the predictor, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant result. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine relative risk (RR) with 95 confidence interval (CI). Results: We recruited 112 patients who were admitted to the PICU of our tertiary hospital. A total of 38.4 were diagnosed with encephalitis, 9.8 meningitis and 51.8 meningoencephalitis. Of the 112 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 28 (25) patients died in the PICU. The need of mechanical ventilation support variable had a statistically significant association with mortality (RR 22.76; 95 CI: 3.88–51.45). Conclusion: Recognition of conditions that exacerbate intracranial infection in children needs to be done as early as possible. Moreover, the need of mechanical ventilation support in the PICU needs more attention. © 2021