Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study

Background: Data on COVID-19-related mortality and associated factors from low-resource settings are scarce. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, from March 2 to July 31, 2020. Methods: This retrospective cohort included all hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in 55 hospitals. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospital outcomes (discharge or death). We used logistic regression to examine factors associated with mortality. Findings: Of 4265 patients with a definitive outcome by July 31, 3768 (88) were discharged and 497 (12) died. The median age was 46 years (IQR 32–57), 5 were children, and 31 had >1 comorbidity. Age-specific mortalities were 11 (7/61) for <5 years; 4 (1/23) for 5–9; 2 (3/133) for 10–19; 2 (8/638) for 20–29; 3 (26/755) for 30–39; 7 (61/819) for 40–49; 17 (155/941) for 50–59; 22 (132/611) for 60–69; and 34 (96/284) for ≥70. Risk of death was associated with higher age, male sex; pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease; clinical diagnosis of pneumonia; multiple (>3) symptoms; immediate ICU admission, or intubation. Across all ages, risk of death was higher for patients with >1 comorbidity compared to those without; notably the risk was six-fold increased among patients <50 years (adjusted odds ratio 5.87, 95CI 3.28–10.52; 27 vs 3 mortality). Interpretation: Overall in-hospital mortality was lower than reported in high-income countries, probably due to younger age distribution and fewer comorbidities. Deaths occurred across all ages, with >10 mortality among children <5 years and adults >50 years. © 2021