Amanullah, Sardar Muhammad and Kim, Dong Hyeon and Paradhipta, Dimas Hand Vidya and Lee, Hyuk Jun and Joo, Young Hoo and Lee, Seong Shin and Kim, Eun Tae and Kim, Sam Churl (2021) Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation on in vitro Fermentation Indices, Greenhouse Gas, Microbes, and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Rumen. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. ISSN 1664302X
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This study estimated the effect of essential fatty acid (FA) supplementation on fermentation indices, greenhouse gases, microbes, and FA profiles in the rumen. The treatments used pure FAs consisting of C18:2n-6 FA (LA), C18:3n-3 FA (LNA), or a mixture of these FAs at 1:1 ratio (Combo). In vitro rumen incubation was performed in 50 mL glass serum bottles containing 2 mg of pure FAs, 15 mL of rumen buffer (rumen fluid+anaerobe culture medium = 1:2), and 150 mg of synthetic diet (411 g cellulose, 411 g starch, and 178 g casein/kg dry matter) at 39°C for 8 h with five replications and three blanks. In rumen fermentation indices, LA exhibited highest (P < 0.05) ammonia-N and total gas volume after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, LA presented lower (P < 0.05) pH with higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (P = 0.034) than Combo, while LNA was not different compared with those in the other treatments. Additionally, Combo produced highest (P < 0.05) CO2 with lowest (P < 0.05) CH4. In the early hours of incubation, LA improved (P < 0.005) Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while LNA improved (P < 0.005) Ruminococcus albus. After 8 h of incubation, LNA had lower (P < 0.05) methanogenic archaea than LA and Combo but had higher (P < 0.05) rumen ciliates than LA. R. albus was higher (P < 0.05) in LA than in LNA and Combo. It was observed that the rate of biohydrogenation of n-6 and n-3 FAs was comparatively lowest (P < 0.05) in Combo, characterized by higher C18:2n-6 and/or C18:3n-3 FA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentrations with lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18:0 and saturated FA and the ratio of saturated FAs to PUFAs. Therefore, this study concluded that dietary C18:2n-6 could improve populations of fibrolytic bacteria and rumen fermentation indices, but dietary mixture of pure C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 is recommended because it is effective in reducing enteric methane emissions and resisting biohydrogenation in the rumen with less effect on rumen microbes. © Copyright © 2021 Amanullah, Kim, Paradhipta, Lee, Joo, Lee, Kim and Kim.
Item Type: | Article |
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Additional Information: | Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access, Green Open Access |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | buffer; carbon dioxide; casein; cellulose; docosahexaenoic acid; essential fatty acid; glass; linoleic acid; oleic acid; omega 3 fatty acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; short chain fatty acid; volatile fatty acid; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; artificial diet; bacterium culture; chemical composition; controlled study; diet supplementation; DNA extraction; fatty acid analysis; fermentation; greenhouse gas; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrogenation; incubation temperature; methanogenesis; microbial community; nonhuman; pH; real time polymerase chain reaction; rumen; rumen fluid; rumen microorganism; ruminant |
Subjects: | S Agriculture > SF Animal culture |
Divisions: | Faculty of Animal Sciences > Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science |
Depositing User: | Sri JUNANDI |
Date Deposited: | 25 Sep 2024 03:40 |
Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 03:40 |
URI: | https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/4673 |