Impact of Urban Density on the Outdoor Thermal Comfort Case Study: Yogyakarta Tugu Station Area, TOD Based Planning

TOD neighborhood actually experiences a significantly higher UHI increase compared to the non-TOD area. One of the factors that affects is high density where it has an impact on the outdoor thermal discomfort. Yogyakarta Tugu Station area which has outdoor thermal discomfort will be planned to be a TOD neighborhood. An increase in density according to the TOD principle will allow the thermal comfort condition to decrease. The purpose of this study is to find the optimal urban density value for the outdoor thermal comfort. This research method uses simulation with Envi MET 3.1 software that aims to test the effect of urban density with variables such as BCR, FAR, and urban morphology on climatic factors (air temperature Ta, mean radiation temperature Tmrt, relative humidity RH). A parametric study was conducted on interactions between urban density and microclimate. The results of this study will find the optimal value of each building density variable that increases the value of outdoor thermal comfort. These values can be used by the Yogyakarta City Government as a reference for the development of TOD in the Yogyakarta Tugu Station area.