Coastal sedimentation and topographic changes in the Mataram Plain, Lombok (Indonesia) following the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano

Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul and Lavigne, Franck and Hadmoko, Danang Sri and Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin and Handayani, Lina and Sudrajat, Yayat and Virmoux, Clément and Saulnier Copard, Ségolène and Kusnadi, Kusnadi (2023) Coastal sedimentation and topographic changes in the Mataram Plain, Lombok (Indonesia) following the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 48 (10). 2100 – 2116. ISSN 01979337

Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy)

Abstract

The 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano, Indonesia, buried the entire island of Lombok beneath various thicknesses of pyroclastic material during this Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 event. This study aims to reconstruct the paleo-topography of western Lombok before the Samalas eruption in 1257 CE and analyse the sedimentation processes that led to its landscape evolution over the last 700 years. Stratigraphic data were collected from various surveys, such as outcrops, coring, drilling, hand auger and wells observation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were performed to complement the stratigraphic data. A combination of stratigraphy, ERT and topographic data from various sources (topographic map, Digital Elevation Model Nasional DEMNAS and Real Time Kinematic RTK measurement) is employed to determine the depth of the paleo-surface. Topographic modelling was performed by subtracting the delta-DEM (DDEM) from the current-DEM (CDEM). The result of this operation is a paleo-DEM, which is used to reconstruct the paleo-hydrographic features such as shoreline positions and river channels. Modelling results demonstrate that the relief has not been significantly modified, except in lowland areas, which is the sediment accumulation zone. River channels have experienced minor changes, except for the location of the river mouth and the degree of meandering. Significant changes occurred at the shoreline that has prograded by approximately 1.6 km during the last 700 years. A schematic model is built to illustrate the evolution processes of the study area, consisting of the pre-eruption condition, the immediate post-eruption condition and development of the current condition. This model further develops the previously proposed model with a higher resolution and simultaneously revises the estimated boundary of the pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposit from previous work. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Cited by: 2
Uncontrolled Keywords: Indonesia; Lesser Sunda Islands; Lombok; West Nusa Tenggara; Maps; Rivers; Stratigraphy; Surveying; Topography; 'current; Condition; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geomorphological impact; Indonesia; Landscape evolutions; Paleo topography; Samala volcano; Stratigraphic data; Volcanic eruptions; coastal sediment; geomorphological response; landscape evolution; paleotopography; sedimentation; volcanic eruption; Volcanoes
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GB Physical geography
Divisions: Faculty of Geography > Departemen Geografi Lingkungan
Depositing User: Sri Purwaningsih Purwaningsih
Date Deposited: 04 Sep 2024 02:53
Last Modified: 04 Sep 2024 02:53
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/6318

Actions (login required)

View Item
View Item