Elemental Analysis of Tetragonula laeviceps Propolis by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Propolis, a natural substance produced by stingless bees
(Tetragonula laeviceps), consists of a blend of resins collected from plant
exudates and other botanical sources. Bees utilize propolis for hive
maintenance and protection against predators. Propolis is widely used in
various therapeutic formulations, including treatments for upper respiratory
tract infections, burns, acne, herpes, and neurodermatitis. The propolis
samples were analyzed using Olympus DELTA Professional Handheld XRF
Analyzer. This study employs X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis to
investigate the elemental composition of propolis. Data results of XRF were
presented in percentage with limit detection into ppm (%, ppm). The result
showed that the three most dominant elements composition in propolis
sample from FB 1 were Ca(77.12%) ; K(11.59%), and SO3(5.18%). Propolis
Sample from KP 1 were Fe(31.73%);Ca (26.42%); and K(14.04%). Propolis
Sample from KP 2 were K(28.32%); P2O5(24.35%); and Ca(18.82%). The
conclusion was that the three propolis samples contained 2 constant
elements, namely Calcium (Ca) and Potassium (K). Calcium and Potassium
were found to be essential functions in all organisms.