Anti-inflammatory activity of 2-((3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic acid in LPS-induced rat model

Tjahjono, Yudy and Karnati, Srikanth and Foe, Kuncoro and Anggara, Efendi and Gunawan, Yongky Novandi and Wijaya, Hendy and Steven, Steven and Suyono, Handi and Esar, Senny Yesery and Hadinugroho, Wuryanto and Wihadmadyatami, Hevi and Ergün, Süleyman and Widharna, Ratna Megawati Widharna and Caroline, Caroline (2021) Anti-inflammatory activity of 2-((3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic acid in LPS-induced rat model. Elsevier Ltd, 154: 106549. pp. 1-9. ISSN 15684946

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Abstract

Introduction: Salicylic acid derivate is very popular for its activity to suppress pain, fever, and inflammation. One
of its derivatives is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) which has been reported repeatedly that, as a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), it has a cardioprotective effect. Although ASA has various advantages, several
studies have reported that it may induce severe peptic ulcer disease. We recently synthesized a new compound
derived from salicylic acid, namely 2-((3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic acid (3-CH2Cl) which still has the benefit of acetylsalicylic acid as an analgesic and antiplatelet, but lacks its harmful side effects (Caroline et al., 2019). In addition, in silico studies of 3-CH2Cl showed a higher affinity towards protein receptor cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2; PDB: 5F1A) than ASA. We hypothesized that 3-CH2Cl inhibits the COX-2 activity which could presumably decrease the inflammatory responses. However, no knowledge is available on the anti-inflammatory
response and molecular signaling of this new compound. Hence, in this study, we investigated the potential
functional relevance of 3-CH2Cl in regulating the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
rats. The results of this study show that this compound could significantly reduce the inflammatory parameter in
LPS-induced rats.

Material and methods: Rats were induced with LPS of 0.5 mg/kg bw intravenously, prior oral administration with
vehicle (3% Pulvis Gummi Arabicum / PGA), 500 mg/60 kg body weight (bw; rat dosage converted to human) of
3-CH2Cl and ASA. The inflammatory parameters such as changes in the temperature of septic shock, cardiac blood plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α (ELISA), blood inflammation parameters, white blood cell concentrations, and lung histopathology were observed. Meanwhile, the stability of 3-CH2Cl powder was evaluated.

Result: After the administration of 500 mg/60 kg bw of 3-CH2Cl (rat dosage converted to human) to LPS-induced
rats, we observed a significant reduction of both TNF-α (5.70+/-1.04 × 103 pg/mL, p=<0.001) and IL-1β
(2.32+/-0.28 × 103 pg/mL, p=<0.001) cardiac blood plasma concentrations. Besides, we found a reduction of
white blood cell concentration and the severity of lung injury in the 3-CH2Cl group compared to the LPS-induced
rat group. Additionally, this compound maintained the rat body temperature within normal limits during
inflammation, preventing the rats to undergo septic shock, characterized by hypothermic (t = 120 min.) or
hyperthermic (t = 360 min) conditions. Furthermore, 3-CH2Cl was found to be stable until 3 years at 25◦C with a
relative humidity of 75 ± 5%.

Conclusion: 3-CH2Cl compound inhibited inflammation in the LPS-induced inflammation response model in rats,
hypothetically through binding to COX-2, and presumably inhibited LPS-induced NF-κβ signaling pathways. This
study could be used as a preliminary hint to investigate the target molecular pathways of 3-CH2Cl as a novel and less toxic therapeutical agent in alleviating the COX-related inflammatory diseases, and most importantly to
support the planning and development of clinical trial.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; 2-((3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl)oxy)benzoic acid; COX; LPS; Rat
Subjects: S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Depositing User: Erlita Cahyaningtyas Cahyaningtyas
Date Deposited: 25 Sep 2024 02:39
Last Modified: 25 Sep 2024 02:39
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/7508

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