Effect of Fe Addition on Anaerobic Digestion Process in Treating Vinasse: Experimental and Kinetic Studies

Vinasse is a continuously resulting waste by a bioethanol industry with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and a large volume. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the best method to treat vinasse because it converts COD to biogas, so the biogas can support the Indonesia's primary energy need. The goal of this study was to study the effect of Fe concentration on the AD process in treating the vinasse. The Fe concentration was varied to 0.06, 0.29, 0.64, 0.99 g/L. The results showed that increasing the Fe concentration from 0.06 to 0.29 g/L intensified the biogas yield by 360% (from 10.8 to 49.6 mL/g COD). However, further increasing the Fe concentration to 0.99 g/L decreased the biogas yield by 37.8% (from 10.8 to 6.7 mL/g COD). The Fe significantly affected the methane formation stage, but not the acid formation stage. A mechanistic model was built and successfully applied to predict the AD process. Based on the simulation results, Fe concentration of 0.29 g/L resulted in the highest values of Y-VFA/X2 (yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) consumption per biomass of X-2), mu(m,2) (specific growth rate for X-2), f(CH4) (composition of methane in biogas) and the lowest values of K-s,K-VFA (affinity coefficient in VFAs consumption), k(d2) (death rate constant for X-2), k(VFA) (consumption rate of VFAs for maintenance). The addition of Fe until 0.29 g/L was recommended to increase the quantity and quality (methane content reached 53.4%) of biogas production.