3D Marine Cadastral System to Support Marine Spatial Planning Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Penanjung Bay, Indonesia

The ocean is a formation that has a volume and consists of a surface layer of water, a column, and a bottom. Visualization of the sea on a digital map is important to support the acceleration of marine spatial planning (MSP), which is generally two-dimensional on a flat plane. A marine cadastre is defined as an instrument used in managing spatial boundaries, which describes, visual-izes, and realizes legally defined boundaries as well as rights, restrictions, and responsibilities related to activities in the marine environment. Therefore, visualization in 3D will open a wider perspective than conventional maps. The 3D marine cadastral system was built using the Penanjung Bay pilot project and the QGIS2ThreeJS plugin with JavaScript. The results obtained can pro-vide a 3D visualization of the position and boundaries for each component of the marine cadastre in Penanjung Bay with a broader picture of the sea spatial layout in the region. © 2023 Author(s). This is an open access publication, which can be used, distributed and re-produced in any medium according to the Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 License.