The Composition of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) from Indonesian Coal Power Plant: A Case Study from Batam

Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) are inorganic and organic components from coal combustion residue. Samples of FABA were collected from the combustion of the power plant in Ecogreen Oleochemical, Batam. This study aims to examine the composition of FABA in the study area. The organic and inorganic components of FABA are determined by petrographic analysis. The mineralogy composition of FABA was determined by XRD analysis. In addition, ICP-AES and ICP-MS analyses were also conducted to determine the geochemistry components. The results show that the inorganic components of FABA consist of amorphic materials and minerals. The amorphic materials of FABA in the form of glass were classified by their morphological properties: cenospheres and pleiospheres. The other inorganic FABA components in the form of minerals consist of glass, quartz, Fe-spinel, Mg-spinel, hematite, magnetite, mullite, feldspar, and kaolinite. The most abundant inorganic component in FABA is quartz and iron oxide minerals. Organic components of FABA consist of unburned coal, which is unburned inertinite maceral. The geochemistry composition of major oxide compounds mainly found on FABA consists of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. SiO2 compounds are distributed in the components of glass, quartz, mullite, and k-feldspar. Al2O3 compounds are distributed to mullite, Mg-Fe spinel, and k-feldspar. Fe2O3 compounds are distributed to hematite, magnetite, and Fe-spinel. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.