A Quick Method to Determine Tank Capacity in the Pipe Network Due to Daily Fluctuation of Domestic Water Demand

The domestic water supply fluctuates along the day depending on the demand based on human activities. Most people are at rest at night, so water demands drop significantly. Water demands increase when people start their activities at home in the morning. Similarly, the water demand increases again when people come home from work in the afternoon. Typically, the peak water demand occurs either in the morning or afternoon. Usually, a pump and water tank system should be installed in the water distribution network to provide energy and smooth out the fluctuation so that water demands can be met at any time. The capacities of the pump and the tank should be determined based on the water demand fluctuation, which usually requires water balance modelling. In this research, typical domestic water demand is simulated to find the effect of the tank size, the pump capacity, and the number of pumping cycles per day. The simulations were conducted using WaterNet Software. The results produced a design curve that can quickly determine the combination of pump and tank capacities depending on the number of pump operation cycles without simulation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.