Unraveling the Sustainability Footprint: A Descriptive Analysis of Co-firing Technologies for Advancing Energy Transition in Indonesia

Indonesia has ambitious renewable energy goals of achieving 23 utilization of renewable energy in primary energy mix by 2025 and 31 by 2050. To reduce emissions, the government plans to phase out Coal-Fired Power Plants (PLTU) by 2030 and adopt co-firing technology to decrease coal usage. Co-firing involves burning renewable materials alongside fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. However, concerns have arisen regarding this method's sustainability, considering the environmental impact of various biomass sources. This research utilizes a descriptive analysis method to examine and assess the critical sustainability factors related to co-firing in Indonesia. While biomass can help mitigate GHG emissions, a comprehensive assessment of net emissions from the biomass process is crucial. Careful planning and policies for co-firing implementation are essential to mitigate negative effects and promote a greener future for Indonesia. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.