Dietary patterns and effect of consumption of probiotic powder containing indigenous bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 on Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut of students at Junior High School Pangururan 1, Samosir

Diet is regulating the amount and type of food in order to prevent or help cure diseases. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the main components in diet; the type of food will affect the variation of intestinal microbiota, and changes in dietary pattern may cause change in population structure of gut microbiota. The present work aimed to determine the dietary pattern in students at Junior High School Pangururan 1, Samosir, and investigate the consumption effect of indigenous probiotic powder Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 on bacteria (Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in the gut. The study was conducted for 43 d (33 d intervention) in 40 adolescent subjects aged 13 - 14 years, divided into placebo and probiotic groups. The research design used was Randomised Double-Blind-Placebo-Controlled. The results showed that the energy intakes for the placebo and probiotic group were 70 and 72.84%, respectively, of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) requirement. Results showed that the consumption of probiotic powder of L. plantarum Dad-13 for 33 d decreased the Streptococcus and increased Enterococcus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae; however, the effect was not significant (p > 0.05). The inability of L. plantarum Dad-13 to affect the intestinal microbiota may be related to the high number of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae in the digestive tract of subjects. Adolescents in Samosir consumed a lot of fatty and high-protein foods such as pork, beef, and fish. This could be the reason of high population of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal microbiota of the students at Junior High School Pangururan 1, Samosir.