Bonding strength of plywood bonded using phenol formaldehyde mixed with wood bark powder nanofiller

This paper investigates the wettability of selected
wood species from Indonesian community forests,
namely (Indonesian name–Latin name) surian (Toona
sinensis), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), gmelina
(Gmelina arborea.), Manglid (Manglietia glauca), rubber
wood (Hevea brasiliensis), and sengon (Paraserianthes
falcataria). The study measures the contact angle and
evaluates the suitability of these wood species for plywood
production. Logs from a community forest were processed
to convert into thin slices of veneer using the rotary cutting
method at a plywood plant. Subsequently, the study analyzed
the wetting behavior of the veneer samples resulting
from a rotary process on tangential surfaces without
smoothing treatment with distilled water. The veneer was
then made into plywood using an adhesive nanofiller of
phenol formaldehyde mixed with wood bark powder. Ball
milling produced nanofillers from the bark of jabon,
gmelina, and surian with nanoscale particle diameter size
(10–1000 nm). The bonding strength of the plywood was
evaluated under cyclic and dry test conditions according to
Japanese Standards. The study shows that P. falcataria, H.
brasiliensis, and A. cadamba have a smaller contact angle
than T. sinensis, G. arborea, and M. glauca. Thus, the
higher wettability of P. falcataria, H. brasiliensis, and A.
cadamba results in a better adhesive spread and more
intimate contact between the wood surface and the adhesive.
However, the study found higher bonding strength
values for H. brasiliensis and T. sinensis plywood using
jabon nanofiller, followed by T. sinensis plywood using
surian nanofiller and H. brasiliensis plywood using gmelina
nanofiller.