The Authentication of Java Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) Using Thin Layer Chromatography and <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR Based-Metabolite Fingerprinting Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

The identification of adulteration practices of medicinal plants used as herbal medicine is
very important to ensure the quality, safety, and e�cacy. In this study, thin layer chromatography
(TLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolite fingerprinting coupled
with multivariate analysis were used for authentication of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract from Curcuma
aeruginosa. Curcumin contents obtained from C. xanthorrhiza extract from various regions were in
the range of 0.74%–1.23%. Meanwhile, curcumin contents obtained from C. xanthorrhiza extract
adulterated with 0%, 10%, 25%, 40%, 50%, and 75% of C. aeruginosa were 1.02%, 0.96%, 0.86%, 0.69%,
0.43%, and 0.27%, respectively. The decreasing of curcumin contents in adulterant concentrations
of 40% and more in C. xanthorrhiza rhizome could indicate the adulteration with other rhizomes.
Multivariate analysis of PCA (principal component analysis) using data set obtained from 1H-NMR
spectra clearly discriminated pure and adulterated C. xanthorrhiza with C. aeruginosa. OPLS-DA
(orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis) successfully classified pure and
adulterated C. xanthorrhiza with higher R2X (0.965), R2Y (0.958), and Q2(cum) (0.93). It can
be concluded that 1H-NMR-based metabolite fingerprinting coupled with PCA and OPLS-DA
o�ers an adequate method to assess adulteration practice and to evaluate the authentication of
C. xanthorrhiza extracts.