Identification of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Aaptos spp. and Their Antibacterial Activity

Utami, Setyowati Triastuti and Paramita, Nabila Syahida P. and Agustina, Khusnul and Prayoga, Muhammad B. and Maulidia, Faiqoh Nur and Apsari, Cintya Nurul and Putro, Eko Wahyu and Nugroho, Aji and Wibowo, Kunto and Harahap, Syawaludin Alisyahbana and Handayani, Ira and Gusnaniar, Niar and Santosa, Djoko and Atikana, Akhirta (2024) Identification of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Aaptos spp. and Their Antibacterial Activity. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, 35 (2). 325 – 339. ISSN 23389427

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Abstract

Sponges have been recognized as productive producers of novel bioactive compounds, many of which exhibit antimicrobial properties. Among these sponges, Aaptos species have demonstrated antimicrobial activity. The escalating challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of infections, particularly among immunocompromised populations, underscore the urgent need for alternative antimicrobial agents. Thus, exploring marine secondary metabolites for potential therapeutic applications holds significant promise. The present research investigates the bioactive compounds' profile derived from Aaptos sponge specimens collected from Raja Ampat Island, Indonesia. Extracts from these samples were obtained using ethanol and an ethyl acetate-methanol solvent. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of these extracts was evaluated using a disc diffusion assay. To elucidate the chemical composition associated with antimicrobial activity, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD), chemometric analysis, and metabolomic analysis were employed. The antibacterial assay revealed promising activity against both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 1388). TLC analysis indicated the presence of potential alkaloid and terpenoid compounds in the extracts. However, chemometric analysis did not identify any extracts in the same quadrant as conventional antibiotics. Nevertheless, metabolomic analysis detected alkaloids resembling aaptamines. These findings offer new avenues for research, with the ultimate aim of contributing to developing novel and efficacious antimicrobial drugs. Moreover, this research adds to the bioprospecting efforts focused on marine sponges from Indonesia. © 2024 by Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (IJP).

Item Type: Article
Additional Information: Cited by: 0
Uncontrolled Keywords: aaptamine; Aaptos extract; acetic acid ethyl ester; alcohol; alkaloid; antiinfective agent; methanol; plant extract; terpenoid; unclassified drug; Aaptos; antibacterial activity; antimicrobial activity; Article; Bacillus subtilis; biological activity; bioprospecting; chemical composition; chemometric analysis; controlled study; diode array detection; disk diffusion; high performance liquid chromatography; Indonesia; Klebsiella pneumoniae; metabolomics; nonhuman; principal component analysis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; sponge (Porifera); Staphylococcus aureus; thin layer chromatography; zone of inhibition
Subjects: R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions: Faculty of Pharmacy
Depositing User: Muh Aly Mubarok
Date Deposited: 03 Jul 2025 08:36
Last Modified: 03 Jul 2025 08:36
URI: https://ir.lib.ugm.ac.id/id/eprint/19219

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