Examining the Impact of rainfall patterns on leptospirosis cases in Bantul District, Indonesia: a four-year ecology study 2020-2023

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic illness induced by the pathogenic Leptospira bacteria, is a noteworthy public health issue, especially in regions with tropical climates. The primary objective of this investigation was to delve into the connection between precipitation patterns and the frequency of human leptospirosis cases in Bantul District, Indonesia, spanning the years 2020 to 2023. Employing an ecological approach, the study scrutinized instances of leptospirosis obtained from the Health Department of Bantul District, alongside rainfall data trends from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) specifically from Climatology Station with the ID WMO 96851. The outcomes disclosed a total of 489 instances of leptospirosis over the specified four-year duration, with a conspicuous upsurge in recent times. Through the application of linear regression analysis, a substantial affirmative correlation between rainfall and leptospirosis occurrences was unveiled, underscoring the impact of environmental elements on disease manifestation. These findings enrich comprehension regarding the nexus between precipitation patterns and the risk of leptospirosis in tropical areas, underscoring the necessity of incorporating environmental aspects into strategies to prevent and manage diseases.