The cytotoxicity and anti migratory effect of curcuma zedoaria essential oil on 4T1 breast cancer cells

Metastasis begins with primary tumor cells detached, migrated, and invades the surrounding tissue, forming a secondary tumor. This condition increases cases of death in cancer patients. This study aimed to examine the potential of Curcuma zedoaria essential Oil (CZO) as an antimetastatic agent through observing cytotoxic and antimigration effects on 4T1 breast cancer cells. CZO obtained by hydrodistillation and steam. The identification of phytochemical profiles carried out using GC-MS showed that CZO contained germacrone compounds and confirmed from mass spectrometry spectra. A single cytotoxic activity of CZO against 4T1 cells showed a dose-dependent manner (IC50 value of 111 ± 2.84 μg/mL). Cytotoxic combined activity at the dose ½ IC50 of CZO + Dox showed the most significant effect of a percent decrease in cell viability and inhibited the activity of MMP-9. The inhibitory effect of migration showed that at a dose of ½ IC50 of CZO + Dox showed an inhibitory effect of 4T1 breast cancer cell migration at 42 hours after treatment. The cell death mechanism is not through ROS inhibitory pathways. Collectively, it can be concluded that CZO has the potential as an antimetastatic agent through inhibition of 4T1 breast cancer cells migration.