The Association between Drug-Related Problems and Length of Stay of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are treatment-related occurrences that affect therapeutic efficacy. In a previous study, approximately 279 out of 330 (84.5) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had experienced at least one DRP, including non-optimal drug effects (n = 240, 52.7) and indications without medication (n = 137, 30.1). Patients who were hospitalised for 5-10 days had the highest number of DRPs. Therefore, this study investigates the association between DRPs and length of stay (LoS) in patients with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2023 at Rumah Sakit Akademik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Clinical pharmacists reviewed electronic health data to examine DRPs. The Fisher's exact test evaluated the association between DRPs and LoS. Results: A total of 60.7 (n = 17) of the participants were females, with the majority falling into the age group 65 years old (n = 11, 29.7). A significant portion experienced LoS > 7 days (n = 17, 60.7). Antidiabetic monotherapy was predominant, and the categories of DRPs included adverse drug reaction (n = 15, 40.5), dosage too high (n = 6, 16.2), wrong drug (n = 6, 16.2), non-adherence (n = 4, 10.8), need for additional therapy (n = 4, 10.8) and dosage too low (n = 2, 5.4). A significant association was observed between non-adherence and LoS (P = 0.016). The possibility of experiencing LoS of 1-7 days increased by 3.43 times with improved non-adherence (OR = 3.43; 95 CI: 1.83, 6.39). In this context, non-adherence refers to DRPs associated with the non-compliance of patients with the prescribed treatment plan. Conclusion: This study concludes that non-adherence was significantly associated with hospital LoS.